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China and the UK: Partners in a Changing World
--Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the China Forum at the LibDem Party Conference
20 September 2010, Liverpool

尊敬的外交国务大臣杰里米·布朗先生，
克莱门特-琼斯议员，
女士们，先生们：

Minister Jeremy Browne,
Lord Clement-Jones,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

欢迎各位出席自民党秋季年会“中国论坛”。今年，无论是年会，还是论坛，都与以往不同。这是自民党首次作为执政党举行年会，同时，这也是我作为中国新任驻英大使首次参加“中国论坛”。

Welcome to the China Forum. This year's Liberal Democratic Party Conference is the first Party Conference for you as a ruling party. I'm glad to say that this is also the first China Forum I hosted as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK.

本次论坛的主题是“变化世界中的中英关系”，实际上不论是世界，还是中、英两国，还是中英关系都在发生变化。

I want to speak about the theme of this forum, which is "China and the UK: Partners in a Changing World". Our world is changing, so are China, the UK and China-UK relations, each in its way.

首先，世界在变。

I think the world is changing in the following 4 aspects:

——世界变“平”了。全球的经济、科技和政治变革正在消除各种壁垒，资源、技术、人员在全球范围内的流动更加频繁。同时，国际力量对比向更加均衡的方向发展，国际关系格局向多极化和民主化演变，跨国公司、非政府组织成为国际关系中新型主体。世界变得更加自由和开放。

First, the world is getting "flat". Global economic, scientific and political changes are removing barriers and making the flow of resources, technologies and people much easier across the world. At the same time, multinationals and NGOs have become new players in the diverse networks of international relations. We now live in a world freer and more open than ever before.

——世界变“小”了。以现代交通、通讯工具为核心的科技发展使人与人之间的距离感日渐减少，我们生活的星球成为“地球村”。无论是甲型H1N1流感，还是金融危机，转眼就会波及全球。同样，无论是北京奥运会，还是上海世博会，人们不出国门亦能同步观看。世界各国的联系千丝万缕，利益交织紧密，命运荣辱与共。没有哪个国家可以免受危机所带来的冲击，也没有哪个国家可以无视合作所带来的收益。

Second, the world is getting "small". Modern means of transportation and communications have brought people closer and made our planet a "global village". What happens in one part of the world, be it the financial crisis or the swine flu, can quickly spread elsewhere. People can enjoy the Beijing Olympics and the Shanghai World Expo no matter where they are. No single country can stay immune from the impact of a crisis, nor can it turn its back on working with others.

——世界更加丰富多彩。“一花独放不是春，万紫千红春满园。”一种文明、一种价值观、一种政治制度、一种发展模式放之四海而皆准已被证明并不可行，多种文明平等对话、多种价值观取长补短、多种发展模式相互借鉴的时代正在来临。

Third, the world is getting "diverse". As an ancient Chinese saying goes, "One blossom doesn't suggest spring, which is made up of flowers of all colors and fragrances". One-size-fits-all solutions, be it values, political systems or development model, cannot work everywhere. We are embracing an era of dialogue among different civilizations and an era of mutual learning between different values and development models.

——世界面临的挑战更加复杂棘手。和平与发展这两大问题远没有解决。局部战争和冲突时起时伏，地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大，国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当猖獗，环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国性问题日益突出。人类实现持久和平、共同发展的理想还任重道远。

Fourth, the world is confronted with more challenges, ranging from regional conflicts, widening gap between the South and the North, terrorism, separatism and religious extremism, to trans-national issues such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, and the spread of infectious diseases. Lasting peace and common development remain a long and daunting task.

第二，中国在变。

China has also changed.

——中国经济实现跃升。中国经济保持快速增长，成为世界第二大经济体，今年对世界经济的贡献率可能达到30%。中国正在努力调整经济结构，扩大内需，转变经济增长方式，实现又好又快发展。

First, China became the 2nd largest economy in the world. It may well contribute to 30% of global growth this year. It has been working hard to restructure its economy, boost domestic demand and upgrade its growth model for healthy and sustainable development.

——中国社会日益活跃。中国实现了村民直接选举产生村民委员会，而且正在进一步扩大基层民主。中国目前有约2000种报纸、7亿手机用户、4亿网民和1.8亿博客用户。就眼下时髦的微博而言，仅中国一家知名网站的月覆盖人数就达4000多万。

Secondly, China has become an increasingly dynamic society. More and more farmers now choose members of their village committees through direct elections. China has nearly 2,000 newspapers, 700 million mobile phone users, 400 million internet users and 180 million bloggers. In a single month, 40 million internet users signing up to a famous Chinese blogging website.

——中国的国际作用与日俱增。中国积极参与国际社会应对各种全球性挑战的努力，为促进世界和平、稳定与发展作出了积极贡献。中国是最早提出国家应对气候变化方案的发展中国家，承诺在2005年的基础上，到2020年自主减排40%到45%。中国累计向24项联合国维和行动派出1.5万人次，成为联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。

Thirdly, China is playing a bigger role in the world. It is actively involved in international efforts to tackle global challenges and has contributed to world peace, stability and development. China was the first developing country to adopt a national programme to tackle climate change. It committed itself to a voluntary emission reduction target of 40% to 45% of carbon intensity by 2020 against 2005 levels. It has sent 15 thousand peacekeepers to 24 UN missions, making it the largest contributor of peacekeepers among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

第三，英国也在变。

The UK is changing as well.

今年英国举行了大选，产生了二战以来首个联合政府，自民党首次成为执政党。在后金融危机时代，联合政府致力于促进经济复苏，推进社会改革，开展全方位对外交往与合作。

The general election this year has produced the first coalition government since the Second World War and put the LibDems in the government for the very first time. The coalition government is now committed to fostering growth, conducting social and constitutional reforms and maintaining Britain's position and role in the world through active diplomacy.

在世界、中国、英国同时发生变化的大背景下，如何发展中英关系，今天我愿与大家进行交流。我个人的看法是，深化中英双边关系可以从以下三个方面入手：

In the context of all these changes, I believe we should do the following to promote China-UK relations.

一是摆正心态，正确看待对方的发展。

Firstly, cultivate greater understanding.

在如今既“平”又“小”的世界里，各国利益休戚与共，以零和竞争的思维来看待对方的发展已经过时，应该将对方的发展视为机遇而不是威胁，应该不断增进彼此战略互信而不是猜疑。只有这样，才能建立真正的战略伙伴关系，才能抓住机遇深化合作，才能有效应对各种共同挑战。

In this "flat" and "small" world, countries should abandon the zero-sum-game mentality and view each others' development as opportunities instead of threats, treat each other with trust instead of suspicion. Only by so doing can we be strategic partners and effectively meet challenges we both face.

刚才我谈到中国变的一面，但也要看到，中国还有不变的一面。首先，中国的发展中国家属性没有改变。中国有13多亿人口，去年人均GDP仅有3700多美元，居世界百位以后，属于中低收入国家；中国仍有7亿多农村人口，1.5亿贫困人口，发展之路仍很艰巨。中国城乡、地区发展不平衡的问题也很突出。中国要达英国的发展水平，中国百姓要过上英国人的生活，我们还需要几代人甚至更长时间的艰苦努力。

China remains a developing country with more than 1.3 billion people and a per capita GDP of a little over 3,700 US dollars last year, ranking behind 100 countries in the world. Over 700 million Chinese are still farmers. 150 million live in poverty. And there are serious imbalances between urban and rural areas and among regions. It will still take many years for China to reach the living standards of the British people. The road to prosperity for all in China remains a long and difficult one.

其次，中国坚持走和平发展道路不变。我们的中心任务就是发展经济，提高人民的生活水平。中国外交的宗旨就是维护世界和平，促进共同发展，为国内建设营造和平、安宁、合作的外部环境。中国始终奉行和平发展、互利共赢的外交理念，提倡“互信、互利、平等、协作”的新安全观，倡导建立持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。不论现在还是将来，不论发展到什么程度，中国都不会称霸，中国的发展不会威胁任何人。

China will continue to pursue peaceful development. Our top priority is to raise our people's living standards through economic growth. That is why China's foreign policy aims to maintain world peace, promote common development and create a peaceful and cooperative environment for domestic development. China believes security will only be possible with mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination and is committed to building a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity. China does not and will not seek hegemony and it will never pose a threat to anyone.

二是做大蛋糕，不断拓宽合作领域。

Secondly, strengthen and expand cooperation.

中英两国发展阶段不同，经济互补性强，两国合作具有广阔空间。英联合政府提出要致力于发展“更紧密的英中关系”，特别是“促进增长的伙伴关系”，我认为这非常明智，符合中英双方的根本和长远利益。双方在新形势下应不断拓宽合作领域，挖掘潜力，培育新的增长点。

Our economic complementarity means a promising future for our cooperation. The coalition government seeks "closer engagement" with China and sees our two countries as "partners in growth". This is a wise way to define our relations. We need to explore more areas, tap potentials and nurture new growth areas of our cooperation.

我上任后不久访问了制造业集中的英格兰中部和西北部地区，也经常做客伦敦金融城的大公司。我切实体会到，无论是飞机、汽车等先进制造业，还是金融、信息、航运、咨询等高端服务业，或是节能、环保、低碳等新兴产业，中国对英国的产品、技术和管理都有巨大的需求，英国在中国可以找到庞大的市场。同时，英国也可充分利用中国具有竞争力的制造成本，满足国内消费需求，抑制通货膨胀，促进经济复苏。

My experience from visiting the midlands and Northwest England and the City of London shortly after my arrival told me that across many industries, from aeroplane and automobile, high-end services such as financial services and consulting, information technology and shipping, to environment-friendly and low-carbon industries, there is a huge demand in China for UK products, technologies, and managerial expertise. Meanwhile, the UK can capitalize on China's manufacturing strength to meet domestic needs, keep inflation low and achieve economic recovery.

在国际舞台上，中英同是联合国安理会常任理事国，在维护地区和平与稳定、推动全球经济复苏和可持续发展、应对各种国际挑战上有许多共同利益，也肩负着共同责任，两国应该而且必须加强合作。

On the international arena, as permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and the UK share extensive interests and responsibilities in maintaining peace and stability, promoting global economic recovery and sustainable development and meeting global challenges, which makes it all the more important for the two countries to work together.

三是平等包容，妥善处理彼此分歧。

Thirdly, properly handle differences in a spirit of equality and accommodation.

中英国国情各异，历史文化、社会制度和发展阶段不同，在一些问题上存在不同看法是正常的。我们需要平等、沟通和包容，在平等基础上加强对话，在沟通中增进理解，在包容中化解分歧。用自己的尺子去丈量别人的时代已经过去。

Given the differences between China and the UK in national conditions, historical and cultural heritage, social system and phase of development, it is only natural that we do not see eye to eye with each other on certain issues. What we need are more dialogue and better understanding. It is no longer feasible in today's world to impose one's standards or values on others.

中国的孩子从小学一年级起开始学习英语，中国人对英国并不陌生。莎士比亚、近代资产阶级革命、瓦特蒸汽机、英超足球……他们可以说出很多。如果你问一个英国人对中国了解有多少，我相信要比中国人了解英国少得多。令人高兴的是，英国正在兴起汉语热，越来越多的英国人喜欢中国节日、中国文化。我们要鼓励两国人民，特别是青年之间加强交往，加深相互了解和友谊，这是中英关系保持长期健康稳定发展的根本所在。

Chinese students start to learn English as early as in primary school. They know a lot about Shakespeare, modern capitalist revolution, James Watt and his steam engine, the Premium League and many other things about Britain by the time they reach college, while an average British person may not know as much about China. I am happy to see an emerging "mandarin fever" in this country, and more and more Britons learning to enjoy Chinese festivals and culture. We need to encourage our people, young people in particular, to deepen mutual understanding and friendship, to lay the foundations for sound and steady growth of China-UK relations in the long run.

自民党党章的第一句话开宗明义，“自民党致力于建设和捍卫公平、自由和开放的社会”。中国的32年改革开放，既是为了实现经济发展、国家富强，同时也是为了进一步实现中国人民的民主、自由、平等，实现社会公平正义。

The Liberal Democrats' Constitution starts with these words, "The Liberal Democrats exist to build and safeguard a fair, free and open society". China has also endeavored, in the past 32 years with reform and opening-up to develop its economy and make the country prosperous on the one hand, and bring about democracy, freedom and social justice to its people on the other.

我们愿与自民党在政府、议会、政党等各个层面和渠道扩大交流，增进了解，共同推动中英关系全面、持续和健康发展。

By coming here, I want to register our commitment to build closer ties with the Liberal Democratic Party at government, parliament and party-to-party levels for better mutual understanding and healthy and sustained growth of China-UK relations.

谢谢。下面我愿回答各位的提问。

Thank you. I will be happy to take your questions in a few minutes.